Cement Industry

Cement manufacturing is one of the most energy- and emissions-intensive industrial processes, primarily due to the extreme heat required and chemical reactions during production.

Energy Use & Sources
Most energy is used to heat kilns to over 1,400°C to produce clinker, the key cement ingredient. The industry relies heavily on coal, petroleum coke, and sometimes waste fuels.

Challenges & Emissions
CO₂ emissions come from both fossil fuel combustion and the breakdown of limestone. These process emissions are hard to eliminate and contribute about 7–8% of global CO₂ emissions.

Future Pathways
Improving kiln efficiency, substituting clinker with lower-carbon materials, and using carbon capture can reduce emissions. Emerging innovations like electrified kilns and alternative binders also show promise.