Fertilizer Production

Fertilizer production is a highly energy-intensive process, especially in the creation of nitrogen-based fertilizers. It plays a key role in global agriculture but also contributes significantly to industrial energy use and emissions.

Energy Use
The Haber-Bosch process, used to synthesize ammonia, is the main driver of energy demand, primarily relying on natural gas. High temperatures and pressures make this one of the most energy-consuming industrial processes.

Emissions & Impact
Fertilizer production releases CO₂ both from fuel combustion and as a byproduct of chemical reactions. It also contributes to indirect emissions from fertilizer application, including nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas.

Efficiency & Innovation
Efforts to lower energy use include process optimization, carbon capture, and switching to low-carbon hydrogen. Some regions are also exploring green ammonia using renewable electricity for cleaner fertilizer production.